Variation and what are its sources

The process of transfer of hereditary characters from one generation to another generation is called heredity. The variation is defined as the difference in the characters from offsprings to their parents so whats the sources that affect the variation lets discuss about it. The following are the main factors affecting the variation
1. Recombination: It is one of the most important factors the recombination means the combination of genes. As the growing population needs to fulfill the demand of the people. The people in the genetic engineering needs the change or recombination of genes due to this the genotype of the cell changes as a result the variation occurs.
2. Crossing over: The crossing over takes place during the meiosis first on the pachytene stage. During this process the exchange of the genetic material takes place so that also changes the genotype as a result so the variation occurs.
3. Mutation: The changes in the characteristics of the heredity characters of a generation of the organisms is known as mutation. The mutation occurs due to some in placement  or some errors in the genes hence in this way, this are the factors affecting the mutation.
      
       There are two types of variation they are
1. Heritable variation: The variation that can be transferred from one generations to another generation is known as heritable variation.
2. Non-heritable variation: The variation that cannot be transferred from one generation from to another is called non-heritable variation.
   
     Also on the nature of the variation they can be distinguished as
1. Somatic variation: The changes that occur in the somatic cell , due to which the variation occur is known as somatic variation. This are non heritable variation as they form on the somatic cell.
2. Germinal cell variation: The changes that occur in the germinal cell of the organisms due to which the variation occurs is known as germinal cell variation. As we know that germinal cell helps in the reproduction so the variation are heritable. And can be transfer from one form to another generation. For example the organism containing extra fingers.
    
      Hence in this way the variation is well explained.

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How does petrol engine works?

The petrol engine was made by Otto in 1876. It consists of the two valves inlet and outlet valves. As it was manufactured  by Otto it is also known as Otto engine. It performs the work by following four steps they are
1. Charging stroke:During this phase the inlet valve is opened due to which the vapors of petrol and air is sucked by pulling the piston downward. This is the first phase for the working of the petrol engine.
2. Compression stroke: This is the second phase for the working of the petrol engine. During this condition the piston is move upward and in such a way that the volume is reached to one fifth of the original volume and the temperature reaches 600 degree Celsius and the pressure to 7 atm so in this end process a series of the spark is produced at the end of this process.
3. Working stroke: After the production of spark of fire now the temperature reaches to 2000 degree Celsius and the pressure to 15 atm due to which here in this phase  the engine works.
4. Exhaustion stroke: this is the final phase of the engine which is very easy to conduct by opening the outlet valve. Due to this region the harmful wasted and vapours are removed out in this phase.
     
        Hence in this way the petrol engine works on the four phases not only this but also it is lighter in weight and also is suitable for the run of the small vehicles.

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Science behind volcano

Hi guys today i have come from a new thing which many people requested to know whats the science behind volcanic eruption. So today i am going to discuss about it volcanic eruption is a huge explosion under the surface of the earth. They explode to give out molten lava as well as other volcanic gases as carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide. So you might think what causes volcanic eruption actually they are caused by the convection current that causes the movement of the tectonic plates. When the tectonic plates are moved they produce the earth to shake and may produce the crack on any of the surface of the earth. As we know that inside the earth there are a hot molten lava flowing so when the tectonic plates move the lava also get shake and due to the high density
And pressure and this is the region that the lava give a huge pressure to the rock plates as a result they are cracked and the lava is come outside through the crater which is the neck region of the volcanic mountain. During volcano a huge black cloud appears which is harmful due to which the people are suggested to move out from that place. Similarly when there is an earthquake there is a huge chance to get volcano. As there the tectonic plates are moved.
        The huge volcanic eruption ever known was the volcano on mount tamboura which is the mountain on island on Indonesia. And it is also said that most of the 80% land of the earth are in the volcanic in its origin. In the world many of the destructions and the lives of the people are gone world world wide due to the volcanic eruptions.

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Power and benefits of meditation

Meditation is nothing except self realization. It only purifies the mind and soul. What the meditation do? the meditation traps the cosmic energy which is present in every state and we are interconnected within it. This is the energy that helps us to become active all the times and overcome the laziness. Realizing the importance of the meditation people now begin to meditate. It teaches us how to think positively it also teaches us to live in the present state. So how to begin the meditation for meditation you need not to go to a very far places but as it being a self realization.
             
                 There are many different types of meditation  as per taught by the people according to their view but one thing common about meditation is for meditation we need to close our eye and  we need to relax our mind and thoughts. First of all find a proper place to  where you feel comfortable then take a deep breath in and out. Relax your mind and body and feel completely easy now there is complete vacant within us we do feel something of happiness and joy. We now have no new thoughts and the mind is completely relaxed you can also interconnect it while you are in a deep sleep. Yes probably that also provides us some new energy due to which while we awake it provides us a huge amount of energy. And on further moving as long as we do meditation the more we get energy and finally a state comes when this phase is finished and as much deeper as we go the more knowledge we find with ourselves. We are all the thing the whole universe is within us.The thing which we need to know is just realizing ourselves and that will built up a strong power and confidence within us. When we move to much depth then finally we will reach to our super consciousness to where we hear the quotes and principals of the great people and this is the ultimate goal of the meditation. In this stage it has put you in the state to where your mind is directly connected with your soul but to reach this stage it is not easy and if someone reaches here then he will find the god within himself.

                This is read to be unbelievable but believe me once you meditate properly and regularly you will find a vast and dramatic change in your life just compare your life past and present and you will find and see it. This are the benefits of the meditation which we will get after doing meditation.Meditation has a lots of the scientific benefits which you wont believe.It helps the person to gain energy and level of awareness, it helps the person to give relieve to the mental conflicts that takes place in our body, it also helps to build the concentration and creativity, it helps to maintain a good health and body. It always leads a person to a right path from where if a person tries to move to a wrong path it doesn't give.This is the most important and good point of the meditation.
     
       Hence in this way we can say that we should do the meditation as it is very good way to lead our way to the lightness from the dark and discomfort.

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What are quantum number and its types

The orbitals of the atom may be huge as it depends upon the shape of the atom,How big is it so the question here is whats the difference  between orbit and the orbital well so lets discuss it.First of all the orbits are the definite path along the nucleus to where the electrons revolve and the orbital is defined as the space about the nucleus where the possibility of finding the electron is maximum so they both are different terms.Moving onto our topics what is the quantum number so it is the atomic parameter which describes the electron in all terms of their shape,size,and others hence it is described by the quantum numbers.A set
Of a four quantum number describes an atom completely and they are as follows
1. Principal quantum number: This is the first quantum number it describes the main energy level of the atom. It is denoted by the letter n. It can have only positive values ranging from 1 to infinity and the numbers designed to understand is 1,2,3,4 and also the alphabetical letters k,L,M,N in this way it says all about the main energy level of the shell .
2. Azimuthal quantum number: It is another type of the quantum number denoted by the letter l and it describes the shape of the sub shells in which the atoms are placed.It refers to the basic structure of the atom and gives us the information about the atom. It can have only positive integers ranging from 0 to (n-1).
3. Magnetic  quantum number: It is the another type of the quantum number that determines the orientations of the atoms for the electrons in which the movement takes place. It is denoted by the symbol m and it has the integral values ranging from -l to +l through O. In this way it describes about the orientation make by the movement of the electrons.
4. Spin quantum number: It is the type of another quantum number. It is denoted by s and describes the spinning movement performed by the electrons about the atoms as we know that different rotations, spins and others are performed by the electrons and hence they are described as per the spin quantum number. It has only two values they are -half and + half.

       Hence in this way the quantum numbers helps to define all the terms of the electrons of the atom by the help of this four quantum numbers.

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Is human levitation possible

This is the golden era of science & technology. By the help of it we can bring the whole universe under our feet. There are not been much mystery left as they were left in the previous time and if not solved then the science are trying to solve  the things.The first and the surprising thing that have been claimed to be possible is levitation so what does that mean then some of you might have question.Well levitation is the art from which the whole physical objects are controlled and run by the mind in another way we can also say its the indicator of the power of the mind its not from a supernatural film or books like harry potter or other angel and demonic stories but it actually exists naturally and in the real world as no one can give the proper  scientific explanation about this.

         Many of the scientist believe that a certain powers are exists in the nature and that powers can be utilized by a person by the meditation or mantra chanting that traps and brings all that energy to the body and give a scientific positive benefits. While other believes that due to different reasons different atoms get stick to each other due to the difference in the charge and due to this type of nature the levitation might have possible.But according to the scientist it is possible to move a small particles but not as huge as human and the scientists are also searching for the deep reasons on that how could they develop the machines that Levititrate.According to the spirituality its a divine power which is got by the person when he gets Siddhi by chanting different mantras. According to the Hindu mythology a person should be very pure by heart and soul to behold this power, hence different people have different opinions on it.
            
            According to the different mythology, it gives the concept and existence of levitation from the ancient time.There have been many people showing levitation but in 1600s a saint Joseph of Cupertino make all the people surprised and amazed when they saw him levitating in the sky. Nowadays levitation has been a trend to show it as in the form of street money to collect and making their survival and has been common in the world.

            Though due to the different science behind every mysterious things has found  the science behind mystery although different scientist has different opinions on levitations it takes certain more time for the scientist to explain and the cause of the levitation.

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How battery was first invented

The battery was first invented by Alessandro Volta in 1800s. It is not meant that before 1800 there were no any inventions of battery but infact there were many scientist who just went on confirming and bringing conclusions on this experiments.The experiment was done by Benjamin franklin but it was done on the static electricity that would go away or waste away on a single discharge. So the first concept on it was brought by Alessandro Volta by the inspiration from the experiment of Galvani on frog.

         He first came to touch about the animal electricity and was surprised to see when two different metals were touched to each other they conducted electricity and when he placed tinfoil and silver on his tongue. He did not have a much effect on it but had a very sour taste though. He was not familiar to why this happen then one professor of biology found the leg of frog twitched when metal was touched to them. He also hung that leg outside on open area because he thought that electric spark has caused his leg twitched and so thunderstorms are also a good way to get charge. So he put it outside but  without the thunderstorm also it twitched the legs and from this he said that the animal possess "animal electricity".and he finally published his result and from here Alessandro Volta was able to claimed that the sour taste which has experienced is of electric charge.

         Volta then experimented that if the saliva of his was able to conduct the charge then he began to searched for other ways by which he could conduct the charge in the same way as the saliva does finally he got the one the brine which is the strong solution of salt and water he also found that if he had plates many pieces of dissimilar metal disks,making sandwithches  of the cardboard which is soaked in the brine between them and finally he got the battery which was long lasting and effective and this news was travelled fast among all the people and even to the Napoleon of France who made him the senator in Volta's native kingdom of Lombardy. By this news every one was very happy and had given this good news to the royal society of London describing all the facts and structures of the modern battery which is the first and most latest inventions of that time.

        And this is the invention which is proved to be a blessings from the god or angel to us the first battery which the Volta has made is named by "Voltaic cell" which is the first source of continuous electrical current. Hence in this way the modern battery has been born from the concept of Volta and has proved to be one of the most important boon of science.

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