Possibility of extinction of men in future

Well guys how are you. Today i have come here with a new topic. So is really the men are going to extinct from the world? Well the research done by the Canberra university and other university has put different theories regarding to this. Also Australian researcher Jenny graves has claimed that after 5 millions of years the male will be disappear from the whole earth. Actually the main reason behind this is that men possess a unique Y chromosome which determines the genetic as well as other other characteristic of male is degrading and will become extinct near future. The man possess 23 pairs of chromosomes this chromosomes contains genes, heriditary character and other vital things. Among this pairs of chromosomes all 22 are more or less like similar but the last one is completely unique. According to the modern concept and reading we know that the Y chromosomes is half of the X chromosomes but if we go millions of years back than it has been said that at the previous time both X as well as Y were of the equal size but the Y chromosome is degrading.
 
       A female possess only X and X chromosome that determines the character of the female. And the male possess both X and Y chromosome and during the fusion if the male X chromosome meet with the female X chromosome then a girl is born. And if the male Y chromosome fuse with the female X then a male is born. During the crossings over phase the genetic characters are exchanged due to which we get the character of both the male and female.
   
     Although there are some regulatory genes like sry genes also determines the reproductive system of the male. They are free to move and play an important role so they may replace it but it is slightly confusing to make or say it replacing. So it is after million of years after and also it may prove wrong in the future. Or some way may be out at that time. The time which we are living we are seeing miracles of science and it may find a new solution. We should be worry as we have enough time to think about it.

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Pre mendelian theory of inheritance

Inheritance is the process of transfer of hereditary character from parents to the offsprings. This is due to the inheritance that the two parents and their offsprings are more or less similar. We can easily distinguish the offsprings by observing with the parents face. It was Gregor Mendel who brought the concept of inheritance. Before him were also different philosopher as well as scholars gave their own opinion and gave their theory. All these theory are collectively known as pre mendelian view or theory. The pre mendelian views are as follows.
1. Moist vapour theory : This theory was proposed by a Greek philosopher Pythagoras. According to this theory a certain moist vapour is transmitted from the male towards the female during the fertilization and it develops into an embryo. From where the later new organism is developed.
2. Proformation theory: This is one of the famous theory at that time proposed by A.V levenhoek. According to this theory every living organism contain a certain small miniature like living organisms  in their gametes. When this gamete fused themselves they form a new living organisms. This small living organism is known as homunculus.
3. Fluid theory : Empedocles has put this theory forward. This theory is very simple and clear. It says that every living organism possess a certain fluid as their parental property and when this fluids mix up they form a new living organism.
4. Reproductive fluid theory : This theory says that a certain reproductive fluid flows from the male i.e semen, which is very pure and from female also a certain reproductive fluid flows out. This fluid is impure and when this blood mix and coagulate, a new organism is formed. But as the female has impure fluid . The male character is dominant over female.
5. Epigenesis : This is one of the most accepted and true theory. According to this theory it says that the living organisms do not contain homunculus but the gamete does contain some of the basic living organism. Due to which the development of new organism takes place. It was proposed by K.F Wolff. And it is one of the true stating theory of that time.
6. Pangenesis : This is one of the another premendilian theory. Proposed by Charles Darwin. According to this theory it says that in our body different tissues and cells contain different small microscopic particles and this is known as gemmule. This are developed into different organs on the mode of the division. Due to which the organisms are developed as in the form of a highly developed organism.
   
     Hence this are the premendilian views that was discarded because of the main drawbacks and the main drawback is Atavision this a kind of inheritance. According to which the character which is  possess by grand parents is not shown by their offsprings but by their grand children. So the theory need to meet this expectations that they were unable to fulfill. Due to which the most of the theory of the premendilian was discarded today.

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Types of waves and its properties

Well so today lets discuss about the wave. Well what does it suggest? To know about the wave we first should know about the disturbance as the wave is related to it. The any change in the position of the body from the equilibrium is known as disturbance. The wave is applicable in all the field and is one of the pillar of the physics. The wave is defined as the form of the disturbance in which both the momentum as well as the energy is transferred simultaneously from the body when the body is in the periodic motion. The characteristics of the wave are as follows.
1.  It is a form of disturbance.
2.  The vibration in the later point is high than the previous one.
3.  The wave is originated from the center. And is move in all the direction.

       The velocity of the wave is divided as two types they are the wave velocity, particle velocity. Wave velocity is defined as the velocity that is possessed by the wave is wave velocity. It is constant. Similarly the velocity posses by the particle is known as the particle velocity. It varies accordingly. In this way the velocity of the wave is simply defined. Now lets discuss about the types of the waves so there are two types of the wave they are transverse wave and longitudinal wave.
The transverse wave is defined as the wave in which the vibration by the body is directly perpendicular to the centre of the flow of the wave . from here the body discharges the energy in the form of crest and trough. In where the crest is known to be the region to where the displacement is maximum in the upward direction.
The longitudinal wave is defined as the wave in which the vibration of the body is move in the to and fro direction. From there the energy flows in the form of compression and rarefraction and here the compression is defines as the point to where the density is more and similarly rarefaction is defined as the point to where the density is less.
    Hence in this way this wave and their types are discussed today. By the movement of wave we are having and realizing all the things.

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What is simple epithelium tissues and its functions

Tissues are the combination of cells having the same origin and function. The epithelium are the those tissues that having the lining the cells and have different functions. The function of the epithelium tissues are
1. They protect the organs and body from the mechanical injury and other type of accident. As they are lined with tissue both internally and externally.
2. They form the exoskeletons by forming different hard and protective substance like nail, horn , feathers, etc.
3. They helps in the absorption of the digested food. They helps to absorb other chemicals.
4. They helps in the secretion of different enzymes and also secrete the saliva that makes the easy for the digestion. Similarly they secrete different mucus and lubricants during difference processes.
5. They help in the regeneration by making the dead cells removed out and growing a fresh new cells.

         The types of the simple epithelium tissues are classified in the following 5 types they are as follows.
1. Simple squamous tissue: they form the outer lining in the body and form the lining in the cavity internally. They helps in the protection of the mechanical injury of the body.
2. Simple cuboidal tissue: they are the square or the cuboid shape as the name here indicates. It acts as the secretory organs. They helps in the formation of the gametes.
3. Simple columnar tissue: they are the column of the tissues that are remained attach in the tissue with each other. It secretes the lubricates in the passage. It helps in the partial absorption of the nutrients.
4. Simple ciliated tissue: they are the modified form of the simple cuboidal and simple columnar tissue having the hair like structure. They helps in the flow of fluids in the fallopian tubes and nephron's in the same direction.
5. Pseudo striated tissue: they are the false form of tissue. They are found in the urethra of man and parotid gland of the saliva. Its helps in the removal of mucus laden along with bacteria and dust particles.
        Hence in this way this are the types of simple epithelium tissues. And their functions are described. They are important in our day to day life. Without them there is no proper functioning of the body hence they are regarded as one of the key important things in our life.

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Working principle of discharge tube

The discharge tube helps to produce the cathode ray which can only be done by minimizing the pressure and maximizing the potential difference. First of all the discharge tube of 25-50cm is taken and having the diameter 3-5 cm is taken. They are made in such a way having the pressure pump to taken out. The one end is make cathode and other end is made anode. The positive terminal is made anode and the negative end is made cathode. So under various pressure it works differently so they are as follows.
       When the pressure is maintained to be 10mm of hg then it produces a glowing light which is thin and curve in nature so called blue strimmer.
        Similarly when the pressure is reduces to 5mm of hg then  the wide rays of light is formed this wide light of rays is known as geissler discharge which color depends upon the nature of the gas.
          When the pressure is again minimized to 2 mm of hg, then at this condition the rays of light is developed from the anode towards the cathode it is known as positive column
           When the pressure is again minimized to 1 mm of hg, then at this condition the cathode forms a glow this is called as the negative glow. In the same way due to no ionization occurrence there is no loss of energy so form a dark space this dark space is known as the faradays dark space.
         When the pressure is minimized to 0.5 mm of hg then in this condition the negative glow moves towards the anode and similarly the cathode forms a glow this glow is known as the cathode glow and the space between this glow is known as the crooks dark space.
        Finally when the pressure is minimized to 0.01 mm of hg then at this condition the invisible ray of light is formed then this ray is known as cathode ray. In this way we obtain the cathode ray.
      On further decreasing pressure we obtain no discharge of rays. Hence in this way the discharge tube works. The application of this tube is very vast. It is applied in most of our day to day life. Specially to those items that emits the light. So in this way the discharge tube works.

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A brief concept on diffusion and osmosis

The process of transfer of ions, molecules, particles from their higher concentration area to the lower concentration area. The factors that affect the rate of diffusion are
1. Temperature: The rate of diffusion is directly proportional to the temperature. When the temperature is raise then the rate of diffusion also raises, but when the temperature is deceases the rate of diffusion is also decreases. Hence it is one of the important factors.
2. Density: Density is another important factor responsible for the rate of diffusion. When the density is decrease the rate of diffusion is increases because there is variation to dissolve the substance so in another word we can also say that the density is inversely proportional to the rate of diffusion.
3. Concentration of the substance: The concentration of the substance indicates the strength of the substance of which it has the capability to dissolve the substance. The higher the concentration the higher is the rate of diffusion. So the concentration of the substance is directly proportional to the concentration of the substance.
4. Concentration gradient: The concentration gradient of the substance is directly proportional to the rate of diffusion. The rate of diffusion increases when the concentration gradient is increase.so they are direct to each other.
5. Surface area: The surface area is directly proportional to the surface area. As the surface area increases the more the diffusion takes place fastly. The diffusion depends on the surface area.

    The osmosis is defined as the movement of solvent or water molecules from their higher concentration area to the lower concentration area is called osmosis. Mainly there are two types of osmosis they are as follows
1. Endosmosis: It is the movement of solvent molecules into the cell from the hypotonic solution that swells the cell.
2. Ectosmosis: It is the process of loss or exist of water when cell is kept in the hypertonic  solution is called ectosmosis.

              Hence in this way the osmosis and diffusion are well explained and both this type of things plays a vital role in the plant function.

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History of diseases and its causes

It was Robert Koch,  a physician who first came to know about the disease that was attacking a particular herd of cattle and was destroying them. The farmer first told it to him and he began to search for it. He established a small laboratory in his room and began to investigate. During investigation he found a spiral shaped bacilli. He then wanted to know what kind of disease was it so he injected the disease causing bacteria to a healthy mouse up to many generations. During his search he found that the bacillus were reproducing by forming spores. He developed the rule for the agent that caused the disease. According to the principal first of all the agent should be detected then the strained of it is found and finally it is cultured. The developer or researcher must find the same kind of the bacteria in the newly developed organism.

             Koch went on making his theory and research more and more new by bringing more modernized methods for growing pure cultures of bacteria. He has given a huge break in the modern biology by discovering the cholera bacillus and later it has been proved by the researcher that it is responsible for the cause of tuberculosis. Finally due to his great contribution in on the causes of tuberculosis and in medicine , physiology.
His theory was strongly confirmed when the Pasteur began to work on it and concluded on supporting his theory.  He further  claimed that the animals just got this disease because of they simply worked on the grass. Pasteur later on developed the vaccine against the disease or anthrax.

      In this way it has got a many contribution from different researchers to reach and find the way to culture.

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