Replication of DNA

One of the most important function of DNA is the replication of the another DNA. We all know that the DNA is the key factor for the transfer of the hereditary characters. But it is not an easy task for the cell to replicate the DNA it is the long and complex process. Lets discuss the methods that takes for the replication of DNA. Mostly it takes by the following three ways.
1. Dispersive method is one form for the replication of DNA. During this method the DNA replicate to make daughter DNA. The daughter DNA consists of a parental strand and a newly form strand. The two of the daughter replicated DNA one consists the parental and other form the newly strand. This method of the replication of the DNA is known as the dispersive method.
2. Conservative method is another form of the replication of the DNA. In this method the 2 daughter DNA is formed. Among which the one of the daughter is completely different from the parental form. In the same way another daughter DNA is completely different from the new strand.
3. Semi conservative method is another form of the replication of the DNA. If the original strands of DNA replicates into 2 daughter DNA. Among which those strands of parental DNA is first separated out as in form of templates. Each template if goes to combine another new strand having complementary bases such method of replication is known as semi conservative method.
      The mechanism of semi conservative method of replication of DNA are as follows.
1. Origin of replication
2. Activation of deoxyribonucleotides
3. Unwinding of DNA helix.
4. Formation of RNA primer
5. Elongation of strand of DNA
6. Termination
7. Proof reading and DNA repair

    In this way the mode of replication takes place in the DNA. Due to the mode of replication on the DNA. We are able to produce the offsprings that look alike us. DNA helps hereditary transformation. So it only able to do this by the replication.

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Digestive organs in human

The alimentary canal is completed in human starting from the mouth to the anus. It is a long process and each organ has its own function and act accordingly. So lets discuss all the organ playing significant role in the human body. Starting with from the mouth.
1. Mouth in human being is possess by the two transverse slit of lips. The upper lips and lower lips. The upper lips possess a depression that extends up to the nose and this depression is regarded as the philtrum. Mouth helps in the ingestion of the food.
2. Oral cavity is the another important organ for the digestion. It is located just after the mouth. It is a vast structure containing many different organs. The oral cavity is further classified as the following types.
a. Vestibule is the space that lies externally with the lips and cheeks whereas internally between the cheeks and gums. It helps in the temporary storage of the food.
b. Palate is the structure above the mouth. It may be either hard or the soft. It closes the connection of the skull part with the mouth.
c. Teeth is one of the structure. It is fitted within the socket of the gum. In human the teeth is present in both the upper and the lower jaws. Consists of the four types of the teeth they are incisors,  canines, premolars, and molars. All this teeth have their own characteristics and functions.
3. Oesophagus is the long tube that is important in the digestion. They are composed of the fibers with strands. They carry food through the pipe like structure.
4. Stomach is the round elastic like structure bag. It is located at the left side of the body. It food reaches at the stomach and different digestive process occurs in the stomach. From there the further process of digestion moves forward.
5 Small intestine runs between the stomach and large intestine. In this part more than 90% absorption as well as the digestion process occurs.
6. Large intestine is the last part of the digestive organ to complete the digestion. It is also called the large bowl. It absorbs the water and other nutrients in the body and also transmit the useless body wastes. It is classifies as caecum , colon and rectum.
7. Anus is the last organ that finally removes the wastes products from the body after the digestion and absorption of the food.
 
   Hence in this way the different digestive organs play an significant role in all our body functioning for the process of digestion. 

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Science behind lightning

We all are familiar with lightning a flash of light which we observe at night during rainy or some stormy cloudy day. So you might have question on what causes the lightning. Well lighting are caused due to the collision of the negative and positive charge. The stormy cloud contains the water molecules and from here due to the movement of storm the positive and negative charge is formed and the negative charge moves from the top to the bottom part of the cloud being heavier and the light positive charge move to the upper part. In this way first the charge separates out. Then the land and the part of the earth also contains both the negative and the positive charge that are neutralize by each other. We know that the positive charge repel each other so the positive charge is form at the upper region. When a suitable amount of the force is developed then this two opposite charge attract each other and we could see a flash of light. This is also called the electric field.
    
       There are many types of the lightning form. The negative lightning is formed when a small invisible negative charge moving with a high speed meet with the streamer which is released from the metallic pointed rod on the top of the house. Their collision produce a very huge amount of temperature.
The positive lightning is formed when a strong electric field is required to meet the charge. They may be 10 times more stronger than negative lightning. They rarely produce rarely brach flash. They also sometime produce a red glow known as sprite due to the high collision. In this way there are also many types of the lightning occur. Due to the lightning collision the high sound is produce. Due to high velocity of the light we observe light first then that of the sound.
      Though we do not observe the lightning during a normal condition but actually the lightning strikes 100 times per sec world wide because the collision occurs every second. A bolt contains upto
100 million volts. Yearly many people on the world lose their lives due to strike of the lightning.

     Hence in this way the lightning has a huge physics hidden inside. If we observe normally we do not find anything amazing except its a natural phenomenon but as we go deeper we see a vast science behind it.

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Determine the strength of solution

The strength of the solution can be measured by two ways as comparison method and Strength determination method. The comparison method is classified as the dilute solution and concentrated solution. But this method is not suitable for the determination of the solution. The measurement of the solution can be determined by the strength of the solution methods. It is the real method for the determination of the solution as it involves different sub method for the determination they are
1. Percentage solution: It is categorized in the three ways.
Percentage by weight: It is one of the way of measuring the solution strength. It is defined as the amount of solute dissolved in the 100 gm of its solution expressed in %.
Percentage by volume: It is defined as the  amount of solute dissolved in a 100 ml of the solution express in the %.
Percent volume ratio: It is defined as the amount of solute in ml dissolved to make 100 ml of its solution which is express in %.
2. Gram per liter: It is defined as the weight of solute dissolve to make 1 liter of solution.
3. Normality: It is defined as the amount of equivalent weight per unit of the volume. It is one of the rarely used indicator.
4. Molarity: it is defined as the amount of the substance or the particles that is formed to make a unit volume of the solution by dissolving them. Here the molar concentration is also known as the molarity as it is dependent upon the concentration.
5. Mole fraction: The mole fraction is another factor or the indicator. It is defined as the unit component of the moles to that the whole component of the moles of the particles.
6. Part per million: We all may have noticed or heard of this word part per million so it  describes the concentration of something in the water which is expresses not in 100 but in million. And hence is regarded as part per million.

      This all are the indicator that is used to measure the concentration of the substance and is important to exactly measure or determine the strength of the solution.

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Superposition and progressive and stationary waves

We all know how the energy is transferred in the wave. Yes it is due to the disturbance in the particles from its equilibrium position. So today lets discuss a new and interesting topic. Superposition theorem states that "If the large  waves are passing from a medium then the displacement of the resultant of the particle of the medium is given by the sum of vectorial of all the displacement of the particles through it by the waves." This theorem is very important and is used in the circuit analysis during which different amount of the charge is made to flow. In this way it plays an important role. Now then after lets talk about the waves the two major waves that we gonna focus today is progressive and stationary wave.
Progressive waves are also known as the travelling waves as they travel in a forward direction. They are the waves in which the crest and trough as well as the compression as well as the rarefaction travel in a straight line or in a forward direction. According to this the crest and the trough possess the equal velocity to those of the waves. The characteristics of the progressive waves are as follows.
1. The amplitude of the waves are same in all the condition.
2. No particles is permanently at rest.
3. The maximum values for the velocity of  all the medium are the same.
  
        Stationary waves are those waves that are formed as the result of superimpose of the two progressed waves travelling in a opposite direction but with the same velocity. There is no flow of the energy and if we observe it then we feel no movement of the waves thus is named as the stationary waves.
  The point to where the amplitude is 0 then it is called as the nodes. Similarly the point at which the amplitude is maximum is called antinode This are the two terms of the stationary waves which is the key to understand the wave more clearly. The characteristic of the stationary waves are as follows.
1. The amplitudes in this case is different at different places in the medium.
2. In this case the particles are seem to be not moving and hence is called the stationary waves.
3. The particles at the nodes are permanently at rest.
4. The velocity at different particles are different but the velocity of the particles are nodes is 0 since it is consider as the minimum velocity.
     This are the all the definition and the characteristics of the wave.

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Nucleic acids types and fuctions

Nucleic acids is the macro-molecules that form the genetic materials, except the virus. Nucleic acid is the polymer of nucleotide. So what may the component of the nucleic acids? so this are the components of the nucleic acids.
1. Pentose sugar: this is the main component of the nucleic acids. The sugar contains the phosphorus group attached. They are also further classified as two groups.
a. Ribose sugar: oxygen is present in the second carbon atom. It is present in the RNA.
b. Deoxyribose sugar: oxygen is absent in the second carbon of pentose sugar. It is found in DNA.
2. Phosphoric acid: it contains a phosphate group and present in outermost part of nucleotide.
3. Nitrogenous bases: it is present at the center of the nucleotide. It is of two types
a. Purine: purines are the nine members double ring of carbon and nitrogen. They are of two types Adenine, Guanine.
b. Pyrimidine: they are of six members ring of carbon and nitrogen. They are of three types.

       There are two types of nucleic acid.
1. DNA: it is double stranded helix. It is present in most of the eukaryote cell. It carries the hereditary characters from parents to their offspring.
2.RNA : it is single stranded helix. It is present in some plant and virus as a hereditary carrier. They do not have the tendency to replicate each other.
       There are five types of DNA they are as follows.
A DNA, B DNA , C DNA , D DNA , Z DNA
They are all right handed helical except the last Z DNA which is only left handed helical.
       There are three types of RNA they are as follows.
Transfer RNA , Ribosomal RNA , Messenger RNA thus all have different functions and are necessary in different types.
     In this way the nucleic acids are explained. After this now lets explained about the functions of a Nucleic acids. Some of its functions are as follows.

1. It has in the process of transfer of genetic material from parents to the offspring.

2. DNA controls the synthesis of RNA in the cell possible only due to the nucleic acid.

3. RNA synthesis the proteins.

4. They are the basic common things from which our body is made up of.

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Possibility of extinction of men in future

Well guys how are you. Today i have come here with a new topic. So is really the men are going to extinct from the world? Well the research done by the Canberra university and other university has put different theories regarding to this. Also Australian researcher Jenny graves has claimed that after 5 millions of years the male will be disappear from the whole earth. Actually the main reason behind this is that men possess a unique Y chromosome which determines the genetic as well as other other characteristic of male is degrading and will become extinct near future. The man possess 23 pairs of chromosomes this chromosomes contains genes, heriditary character and other vital things. Among this pairs of chromosomes all 22 are more or less like similar but the last one is completely unique. According to the modern concept and reading we know that the Y chromosomes is half of the X chromosomes but if we go millions of years back than it has been said that at the previous time both X as well as Y were of the equal size but the Y chromosome is degrading.
 
       A female possess only X and X chromosome that determines the character of the female. And the male possess both X and Y chromosome and during the fusion if the male X chromosome meet with the female X chromosome then a girl is born. And if the male Y chromosome fuse with the female X then a male is born. During the crossings over phase the genetic characters are exchanged due to which we get the character of both the male and female.
   
     Although there are some regulatory genes like sry genes also determines the reproductive system of the male. They are free to move and play an important role so they may replace it but it is slightly confusing to make or say it replacing. So it is after million of years after and also it may prove wrong in the future. Or some way may be out at that time. The time which we are living we are seeing miracles of science and it may find a new solution. We should be worry as we have enough time to think about it.

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Pre mendelian theory of inheritance

Inheritance is the process of transfer of hereditary character from parents to the offsprings. This is due to the inheritance that the two parents and their offsprings are more or less similar. We can easily distinguish the offsprings by observing with the parents face. It was Gregor Mendel who brought the concept of inheritance. Before him were also different philosopher as well as scholars gave their own opinion and gave their theory. All these theory are collectively known as pre mendelian view or theory. The pre mendelian views are as follows.
1. Moist vapour theory : This theory was proposed by a Greek philosopher Pythagoras. According to this theory a certain moist vapour is transmitted from the male towards the female during the fertilization and it develops into an embryo. From where the later new organism is developed.
2. Proformation theory: This is one of the famous theory at that time proposed by A.V levenhoek. According to this theory every living organism contain a certain small miniature like living organisms  in their gametes. When this gamete fused themselves they form a new living organisms. This small living organism is known as homunculus.
3. Fluid theory : Empedocles has put this theory forward. This theory is very simple and clear. It says that every living organism possess a certain fluid as their parental property and when this fluids mix up they form a new living organism.
4. Reproductive fluid theory : This theory says that a certain reproductive fluid flows from the male i.e semen, which is very pure and from female also a certain reproductive fluid flows out. This fluid is impure and when this blood mix and coagulate, a new organism is formed. But as the female has impure fluid . The male character is dominant over female.
5. Epigenesis : This is one of the most accepted and true theory. According to this theory it says that the living organisms do not contain homunculus but the gamete does contain some of the basic living organism. Due to which the development of new organism takes place. It was proposed by K.F Wolff. And it is one of the true stating theory of that time.
6. Pangenesis : This is one of the another premendilian theory. Proposed by Charles Darwin. According to this theory it says that in our body different tissues and cells contain different small microscopic particles and this is known as gemmule. This are developed into different organs on the mode of the division. Due to which the organisms are developed as in the form of a highly developed organism.
   
     Hence this are the premendilian views that was discarded because of the main drawbacks and the main drawback is Atavision this a kind of inheritance. According to which the character which is  possess by grand parents is not shown by their offsprings but by their grand children. So the theory need to meet this expectations that they were unable to fulfill. Due to which the most of the theory of the premendilian was discarded today.

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Types of waves and its properties

Well so today lets discuss about the wave. Well what does it suggest? To know about the wave we first should know about the disturbance as the wave is related to it. The any change in the position of the body from the equilibrium is known as disturbance. The wave is applicable in all the field and is one of the pillar of the physics. The wave is defined as the form of the disturbance in which both the momentum as well as the energy is transferred simultaneously from the body when the body is in the periodic motion. The characteristics of the wave are as follows.
1.  It is a form of disturbance.
2.  The vibration in the later point is high than the previous one.
3.  The wave is originated from the center. And is move in all the direction.

       The velocity of the wave is divided as two types they are the wave velocity, particle velocity. Wave velocity is defined as the velocity that is possessed by the wave is wave velocity. It is constant. Similarly the velocity posses by the particle is known as the particle velocity. It varies accordingly. In this way the velocity of the wave is simply defined. Now lets discuss about the types of the waves so there are two types of the wave they are transverse wave and longitudinal wave.
The transverse wave is defined as the wave in which the vibration by the body is directly perpendicular to the centre of the flow of the wave . from here the body discharges the energy in the form of crest and trough. In where the crest is known to be the region to where the displacement is maximum in the upward direction.
The longitudinal wave is defined as the wave in which the vibration of the body is move in the to and fro direction. From there the energy flows in the form of compression and rarefraction and here the compression is defines as the point to where the density is more and similarly rarefaction is defined as the point to where the density is less.
    Hence in this way this wave and their types are discussed today. By the movement of wave we are having and realizing all the things.

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What is simple epithelium tissues and its functions

Tissues are the combination of cells having the same origin and function. The epithelium are the those tissues that having the lining the cells and have different functions. The function of the epithelium tissues are
1. They protect the organs and body from the mechanical injury and other type of accident. As they are lined with tissue both internally and externally.
2. They form the exoskeletons by forming different hard and protective substance like nail, horn , feathers, etc.
3. They helps in the absorption of the digested food. They helps to absorb other chemicals.
4. They helps in the secretion of different enzymes and also secrete the saliva that makes the easy for the digestion. Similarly they secrete different mucus and lubricants during difference processes.
5. They help in the regeneration by making the dead cells removed out and growing a fresh new cells.

         The types of the simple epithelium tissues are classified in the following 5 types they are as follows.
1. Simple squamous tissue: they form the outer lining in the body and form the lining in the cavity internally. They helps in the protection of the mechanical injury of the body.
2. Simple cuboidal tissue: they are the square or the cuboid shape as the name here indicates. It acts as the secretory organs. They helps in the formation of the gametes.
3. Simple columnar tissue: they are the column of the tissues that are remained attach in the tissue with each other. It secretes the lubricates in the passage. It helps in the partial absorption of the nutrients.
4. Simple ciliated tissue: they are the modified form of the simple cuboidal and simple columnar tissue having the hair like structure. They helps in the flow of fluids in the fallopian tubes and nephron's in the same direction.
5. Pseudo striated tissue: they are the false form of tissue. They are found in the urethra of man and parotid gland of the saliva. Its helps in the removal of mucus laden along with bacteria and dust particles.
        Hence in this way this are the types of simple epithelium tissues. And their functions are described. They are important in our day to day life. Without them there is no proper functioning of the body hence they are regarded as one of the key important things in our life.

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Working principle of discharge tube

The discharge tube helps to produce the cathode ray which can only be done by minimizing the pressure and maximizing the potential difference. First of all the discharge tube of 25-50cm is taken and having the diameter 3-5 cm is taken. They are made in such a way having the pressure pump to taken out. The one end is make cathode and other end is made anode. The positive terminal is made anode and the negative end is made cathode. So under various pressure it works differently so they are as follows.
       When the pressure is maintained to be 10mm of hg then it produces a glowing light which is thin and curve in nature so called blue strimmer.
        Similarly when the pressure is reduces to 5mm of hg then  the wide rays of light is formed this wide light of rays is known as geissler discharge which color depends upon the nature of the gas.
          When the pressure is again minimized to 2 mm of hg, then at this condition the rays of light is developed from the anode towards the cathode it is known as positive column
           When the pressure is again minimized to 1 mm of hg, then at this condition the cathode forms a glow this is called as the negative glow. In the same way due to no ionization occurrence there is no loss of energy so form a dark space this dark space is known as the faradays dark space.
         When the pressure is minimized to 0.5 mm of hg then in this condition the negative glow moves towards the anode and similarly the cathode forms a glow this glow is known as the cathode glow and the space between this glow is known as the crooks dark space.
        Finally when the pressure is minimized to 0.01 mm of hg then at this condition the invisible ray of light is formed then this ray is known as cathode ray. In this way we obtain the cathode ray.
      On further decreasing pressure we obtain no discharge of rays. Hence in this way the discharge tube works. The application of this tube is very vast. It is applied in most of our day to day life. Specially to those items that emits the light. So in this way the discharge tube works.

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A brief concept on diffusion and osmosis

The process of transfer of ions, molecules, particles from their higher concentration area to the lower concentration area. The factors that affect the rate of diffusion are
1. Temperature: The rate of diffusion is directly proportional to the temperature. When the temperature is raise then the rate of diffusion also raises, but when the temperature is deceases the rate of diffusion is also decreases. Hence it is one of the important factors.
2. Density: Density is another important factor responsible for the rate of diffusion. When the density is decrease the rate of diffusion is increases because there is variation to dissolve the substance so in another word we can also say that the density is inversely proportional to the rate of diffusion.
3. Concentration of the substance: The concentration of the substance indicates the strength of the substance of which it has the capability to dissolve the substance. The higher the concentration the higher is the rate of diffusion. So the concentration of the substance is directly proportional to the concentration of the substance.
4. Concentration gradient: The concentration gradient of the substance is directly proportional to the rate of diffusion. The rate of diffusion increases when the concentration gradient is increase.so they are direct to each other.
5. Surface area: The surface area is directly proportional to the surface area. As the surface area increases the more the diffusion takes place fastly. The diffusion depends on the surface area.

    The osmosis is defined as the movement of solvent or water molecules from their higher concentration area to the lower concentration area is called osmosis. Mainly there are two types of osmosis they are as follows
1. Endosmosis: It is the movement of solvent molecules into the cell from the hypotonic solution that swells the cell.
2. Ectosmosis: It is the process of loss or exist of water when cell is kept in the hypertonic  solution is called ectosmosis.

              Hence in this way the osmosis and diffusion are well explained and both this type of things plays a vital role in the plant function.

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History of diseases and its causes

It was Robert Koch,  a physician who first came to know about the disease that was attacking a particular herd of cattle and was destroying them. The farmer first told it to him and he began to search for it. He established a small laboratory in his room and began to investigate. During investigation he found a spiral shaped bacilli. He then wanted to know what kind of disease was it so he injected the disease causing bacteria to a healthy mouse up to many generations. During his search he found that the bacillus were reproducing by forming spores. He developed the rule for the agent that caused the disease. According to the principal first of all the agent should be detected then the strained of it is found and finally it is cultured. The developer or researcher must find the same kind of the bacteria in the newly developed organism.

             Koch went on making his theory and research more and more new by bringing more modernized methods for growing pure cultures of bacteria. He has given a huge break in the modern biology by discovering the cholera bacillus and later it has been proved by the researcher that it is responsible for the cause of tuberculosis. Finally due to his great contribution in on the causes of tuberculosis and in medicine , physiology.
His theory was strongly confirmed when the Pasteur began to work on it and concluded on supporting his theory.  He further  claimed that the animals just got this disease because of they simply worked on the grass. Pasteur later on developed the vaccine against the disease or anthrax.

      In this way it has got a many contribution from different researchers to reach and find the way to culture.

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Variation and what are its sources

The process of transfer of hereditary characters from one generation to another generation is called heredity. The variation is defined as the difference in the characters from offsprings to their parents so whats the sources that affect the variation lets discuss about it. The following are the main factors affecting the variation
1. Recombination: It is one of the most important factors the recombination means the combination of genes. As the growing population needs to fulfill the demand of the people. The people in the genetic engineering needs the change or recombination of genes due to this the genotype of the cell changes as a result the variation occurs.
2. Crossing over: The crossing over takes place during the meiosis first on the pachytene stage. During this process the exchange of the genetic material takes place so that also changes the genotype as a result so the variation occurs.
3. Mutation: The changes in the characteristics of the heredity characters of a generation of the organisms is known as mutation. The mutation occurs due to some in placement  or some errors in the genes hence in this way, this are the factors affecting the mutation.
      
       There are two types of variation they are
1. Heritable variation: The variation that can be transferred from one generations to another generation is known as heritable variation.
2. Non-heritable variation: The variation that cannot be transferred from one generation from to another is called non-heritable variation.
   
     Also on the nature of the variation they can be distinguished as
1. Somatic variation: The changes that occur in the somatic cell , due to which the variation occur is known as somatic variation. This are non heritable variation as they form on the somatic cell.
2. Germinal cell variation: The changes that occur in the germinal cell of the organisms due to which the variation occurs is known as germinal cell variation. As we know that germinal cell helps in the reproduction so the variation are heritable. And can be transfer from one form to another generation. For example the organism containing extra fingers.
    
      Hence in this way the variation is well explained.

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How does petrol engine works?

The petrol engine was made by Otto in 1876. It consists of the two valves inlet and outlet valves. As it was manufactured  by Otto it is also known as Otto engine. It performs the work by following four steps they are
1. Charging stroke:During this phase the inlet valve is opened due to which the vapors of petrol and air is sucked by pulling the piston downward. This is the first phase for the working of the petrol engine.
2. Compression stroke: This is the second phase for the working of the petrol engine. During this condition the piston is move upward and in such a way that the volume is reached to one fifth of the original volume and the temperature reaches 600 degree Celsius and the pressure to 7 atm so in this end process a series of the spark is produced at the end of this process.
3. Working stroke: After the production of spark of fire now the temperature reaches to 2000 degree Celsius and the pressure to 15 atm due to which here in this phase  the engine works.
4. Exhaustion stroke: this is the final phase of the engine which is very easy to conduct by opening the outlet valve. Due to this region the harmful wasted and vapours are removed out in this phase.
     
        Hence in this way the petrol engine works on the four phases not only this but also it is lighter in weight and also is suitable for the run of the small vehicles.

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Science behind volcano

Hi guys today i have come from a new thing which many people requested to know whats the science behind volcanic eruption. So today i am going to discuss about it volcanic eruption is a huge explosion under the surface of the earth. They explode to give out molten lava as well as other volcanic gases as carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide. So you might think what causes volcanic eruption actually they are caused by the convection current that causes the movement of the tectonic plates. When the tectonic plates are moved they produce the earth to shake and may produce the crack on any of the surface of the earth. As we know that inside the earth there are a hot molten lava flowing so when the tectonic plates move the lava also get shake and due to the high density
And pressure and this is the region that the lava give a huge pressure to the rock plates as a result they are cracked and the lava is come outside through the crater which is the neck region of the volcanic mountain. During volcano a huge black cloud appears which is harmful due to which the people are suggested to move out from that place. Similarly when there is an earthquake there is a huge chance to get volcano. As there the tectonic plates are moved.
        The huge volcanic eruption ever known was the volcano on mount tamboura which is the mountain on island on Indonesia. And it is also said that most of the 80% land of the earth are in the volcanic in its origin. In the world many of the destructions and the lives of the people are gone world world wide due to the volcanic eruptions.

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Power and benefits of meditation

Meditation is nothing except self realization. It only purifies the mind and soul. What the meditation do? the meditation traps the cosmic energy which is present in every state and we are interconnected within it. This is the energy that helps us to become active all the times and overcome the laziness. Realizing the importance of the meditation people now begin to meditate. It teaches us how to think positively it also teaches us to live in the present state. So how to begin the meditation for meditation you need not to go to a very far places but as it being a self realization.
             
                 There are many different types of meditation  as per taught by the people according to their view but one thing common about meditation is for meditation we need to close our eye and  we need to relax our mind and thoughts. First of all find a proper place to  where you feel comfortable then take a deep breath in and out. Relax your mind and body and feel completely easy now there is complete vacant within us we do feel something of happiness and joy. We now have no new thoughts and the mind is completely relaxed you can also interconnect it while you are in a deep sleep. Yes probably that also provides us some new energy due to which while we awake it provides us a huge amount of energy. And on further moving as long as we do meditation the more we get energy and finally a state comes when this phase is finished and as much deeper as we go the more knowledge we find with ourselves. We are all the thing the whole universe is within us.The thing which we need to know is just realizing ourselves and that will built up a strong power and confidence within us. When we move to much depth then finally we will reach to our super consciousness to where we hear the quotes and principals of the great people and this is the ultimate goal of the meditation. In this stage it has put you in the state to where your mind is directly connected with your soul but to reach this stage it is not easy and if someone reaches here then he will find the god within himself.

                This is read to be unbelievable but believe me once you meditate properly and regularly you will find a vast and dramatic change in your life just compare your life past and present and you will find and see it. This are the benefits of the meditation which we will get after doing meditation.Meditation has a lots of the scientific benefits which you wont believe.It helps the person to gain energy and level of awareness, it helps the person to give relieve to the mental conflicts that takes place in our body, it also helps to build the concentration and creativity, it helps to maintain a good health and body. It always leads a person to a right path from where if a person tries to move to a wrong path it doesn't give.This is the most important and good point of the meditation.
     
       Hence in this way we can say that we should do the meditation as it is very good way to lead our way to the lightness from the dark and discomfort.

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What are quantum number and its types

The orbitals of the atom may be huge as it depends upon the shape of the atom,How big is it so the question here is whats the difference  between orbit and the orbital well so lets discuss it.First of all the orbits are the definite path along the nucleus to where the electrons revolve and the orbital is defined as the space about the nucleus where the possibility of finding the electron is maximum so they both are different terms.Moving onto our topics what is the quantum number so it is the atomic parameter which describes the electron in all terms of their shape,size,and others hence it is described by the quantum numbers.A set
Of a four quantum number describes an atom completely and they are as follows
1. Principal quantum number: This is the first quantum number it describes the main energy level of the atom. It is denoted by the letter n. It can have only positive values ranging from 1 to infinity and the numbers designed to understand is 1,2,3,4 and also the alphabetical letters k,L,M,N in this way it says all about the main energy level of the shell .
2. Azimuthal quantum number: It is another type of the quantum number denoted by the letter l and it describes the shape of the sub shells in which the atoms are placed.It refers to the basic structure of the atom and gives us the information about the atom. It can have only positive integers ranging from 0 to (n-1).
3. Magnetic  quantum number: It is the another type of the quantum number that determines the orientations of the atoms for the electrons in which the movement takes place. It is denoted by the symbol m and it has the integral values ranging from -l to +l through O. In this way it describes about the orientation make by the movement of the electrons.
4. Spin quantum number: It is the type of another quantum number. It is denoted by s and describes the spinning movement performed by the electrons about the atoms as we know that different rotations, spins and others are performed by the electrons and hence they are described as per the spin quantum number. It has only two values they are -half and + half.

       Hence in this way the quantum numbers helps to define all the terms of the electrons of the atom by the help of this four quantum numbers.

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Is human levitation possible

This is the golden era of science & technology. By the help of it we can bring the whole universe under our feet. There are not been much mystery left as they were left in the previous time and if not solved then the science are trying to solve  the things.The first and the surprising thing that have been claimed to be possible is levitation so what does that mean then some of you might have question.Well levitation is the art from which the whole physical objects are controlled and run by the mind in another way we can also say its the indicator of the power of the mind its not from a supernatural film or books like harry potter or other angel and demonic stories but it actually exists naturally and in the real world as no one can give the proper  scientific explanation about this.

         Many of the scientist believe that a certain powers are exists in the nature and that powers can be utilized by a person by the meditation or mantra chanting that traps and brings all that energy to the body and give a scientific positive benefits. While other believes that due to different reasons different atoms get stick to each other due to the difference in the charge and due to this type of nature the levitation might have possible.But according to the scientist it is possible to move a small particles but not as huge as human and the scientists are also searching for the deep reasons on that how could they develop the machines that Levititrate.According to the spirituality its a divine power which is got by the person when he gets Siddhi by chanting different mantras. According to the Hindu mythology a person should be very pure by heart and soul to behold this power, hence different people have different opinions on it.
            
            According to the different mythology, it gives the concept and existence of levitation from the ancient time.There have been many people showing levitation but in 1600s a saint Joseph of Cupertino make all the people surprised and amazed when they saw him levitating in the sky. Nowadays levitation has been a trend to show it as in the form of street money to collect and making their survival and has been common in the world.

            Though due to the different science behind every mysterious things has found  the science behind mystery although different scientist has different opinions on levitations it takes certain more time for the scientist to explain and the cause of the levitation.

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How battery was first invented

The battery was first invented by Alessandro Volta in 1800s. It is not meant that before 1800 there were no any inventions of battery but infact there were many scientist who just went on confirming and bringing conclusions on this experiments.The experiment was done by Benjamin franklin but it was done on the static electricity that would go away or waste away on a single discharge. So the first concept on it was brought by Alessandro Volta by the inspiration from the experiment of Galvani on frog.

         He first came to touch about the animal electricity and was surprised to see when two different metals were touched to each other they conducted electricity and when he placed tinfoil and silver on his tongue. He did not have a much effect on it but had a very sour taste though. He was not familiar to why this happen then one professor of biology found the leg of frog twitched when metal was touched to them. He also hung that leg outside on open area because he thought that electric spark has caused his leg twitched and so thunderstorms are also a good way to get charge. So he put it outside but  without the thunderstorm also it twitched the legs and from this he said that the animal possess "animal electricity".and he finally published his result and from here Alessandro Volta was able to claimed that the sour taste which has experienced is of electric charge.

         Volta then experimented that if the saliva of his was able to conduct the charge then he began to searched for other ways by which he could conduct the charge in the same way as the saliva does finally he got the one the brine which is the strong solution of salt and water he also found that if he had plates many pieces of dissimilar metal disks,making sandwithches  of the cardboard which is soaked in the brine between them and finally he got the battery which was long lasting and effective and this news was travelled fast among all the people and even to the Napoleon of France who made him the senator in Volta's native kingdom of Lombardy. By this news every one was very happy and had given this good news to the royal society of London describing all the facts and structures of the modern battery which is the first and most latest inventions of that time.

        And this is the invention which is proved to be a blessings from the god or angel to us the first battery which the Volta has made is named by "Voltaic cell" which is the first source of continuous electrical current. Hence in this way the modern battery has been born from the concept of Volta and has proved to be one of the most important boon of science.

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